Notes for Week 26 of 2024

The Apollo missions to the moon were actually named after the Greek god of the sun. The Ministry statement explained this would have been done by the priest who prepared the bodies “to ensure their ability to speak in the afterlife” – particularly to Osiris, the Egyptian god of the dead. Krishna statues dated to the early 7th century to 9th century have been discovered in Takéo Province and other provinces of Cambodia. Archeological studies have uncovered Vishnu statues on the islands of Indonesia, which was once a great stronghold of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism. According to Holt, the veneration of Vishnu in Sri Lanka is evidence of a remarkable ability over many centuries, to reiterate and reinvent culture as other ethnicities have been absorbed into their own. According to the chronicles of Mahāvaṃsa, Cūḷavaṃsa, and folklore in Sri Lanka, Buddha himself handed over the custodianship to Vishnu. Others believe that Buddha entrusted this task to Sakra (Indra), who delegated this task of custodianship to Vishnu. Though the Vishnu cult in Ceylon was formally endorsed by Kandyan kings in the early 1700s, Holt states that Vishnu images and shrines are among conspicuous ruins in the medieval capital Polonnaruwa.

John Holt states that Vishnu was one of the several Hindu gods and goddesses who were integrated into the Sinhala Buddhist religious culture, such as the 14th and 15th-century Lankatilaka and Gadaladeniya Buddhist temples. This view of the importance of the doctrine of future rewards and punishments was accepted by almost all the leading theologians at this time (and is, of course, still widely accepted among religious thinkers today). Shiva the destroyer, Vishnu the nurturer and Shakti the creator are three main gods worshipped by the modern Hindu religious devotees. Prebish, Charles. Buddhism: A Modern Perspective. Later Vajrayana sources continue to refer to Vishnu as a form of Avalokiteśvara. These Indian Buddhist sources depict a stage of the development of Indian Mahayana in which Vishnu (along with Shiva) was being assimilated into a supreme universal form of Avalokiteśvara which is similar to the Hindu concept of Viśvarūpa. The Vaishnava tradition started by Madhvacharya considers Vishnu in the form of Krishna to be the supreme creator, personal God, all-pervading, all devouring, one whose knowledge and grace leads to “moksha”. He states that the medieval Sinhala tradition encouraged Visnu worship (puja) as a part of Theravada Buddhism just like Hindu tradition incorporated the Buddha as an avatar of Vishnu, but contemporary Theravada monks are attempting to purge the Vishnu worship practice from Buddhist temples.

1st millennium CE, such as in the cave 1 and cave 3 of the 6th-century Badami cave temples. In Tirupati, Venkateshwara (identified as a form of Vishnu) is depicted with consorts, Lakshmi and Padmavathi. In Sri Vaishnavism sub-tradition, Vishnu and Sri (goddess Lakshmi) are described as inseparable, that they pervade everything together. Garuda is a sacred bird in Vaishnavism. In the Garuda Purana, Garuda carries Vishnu to save the elephant Gajendra. Garuda is also considered as Vedas on which Vishnu travels. This form includes Avalokiteśvara riding on Vishnu who in turn rides on Garuda, who also rides a lion. Residing in Vaikuntha, Vishnu sleeps upon Adishesha in a perpetual slumber in his form of Narayana. He is truly Narayana indeed, the lord of the world. The Karandavyuha states that Narayana was emanated from Avalokiteshvara’s heart (hṛdayānnārāyaṇaḥ), as a skillful means (upaya) for the benefit of all beings. In order to teach the Vaishnavas and convert then to the Dharma, he (Vishnu) emanated from the heart of the lotus holder (Avalokitesvara). Harold Coward and David Goa, the “divine vital energy of the cosmos is infused into the sculpture” and then the divine is welcomed as one would welcome a friend. Guru Nanak, according to Shackle and Mandair (2013), teaches that the Guru are “Shiva (isar), Vishnu (gorakh), Brahma (barma) and mother Parvati (parbati),” yet the one who is all and true cannot be described.

Vishnu is referred to as Gorakh in the scriptures of Sikhism. In addition to statues, inscriptions and carvings of Vishnu, such as those related to the “three steps of Vishnu” (Trivikrama) have been found in many parts of Buddhist southeast Asia. Does a menorah have 7 or 9 candles? THEOPHRON: You have not learned that for the first time from Spinoza, have you? They are strict vegetarians, and even have rules about not eating vegetables that cannot be harvested without killing the plant. Many Buddhist and Hindu shrines are dedicated to Vishnu in Sri Lanka. In Mahayana Buddhism sources, Vishnu (along with other deities) was adopted into the vast pantheon of Buddhist deities. Mahayana Buddhism holds that Avalokiteśvara is able to manifest in different forms according to the needs of different beings (a doctrine called “skillful means” – upaya). Another half Vishnu half Shiva form, which is also called Harirudra, is mentioned in Mahabharata.