Nevertheless, it was better than the “occasional causes” of the Cartesians, from whom Spinoza started, and according to whom God is supposed to effect all things, but only on occasion. Could God create a rock so heavy He could not lift it? So we love because God loves. Verses 16-21. – (3) Divine love and judgment. In the early 1970s, Muslims represented less than one percent of the population. During the late 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, the Muslim fraction of the population steadily increased due to family reunification, marriage immigration, a higher birth rate and the influx of asylum seekers, reaching about 4.8% in 2000. The growth then slowed because of stricter immigration laws, dropping birth rates and former asylum seekers emigrating to other Western countries after they had obtained the Dutch nationality. Apart from asylum seekers, currently most Muslim immigration takes place through marriage migration and family reunification. In the 1980s and especially since the 1990s, Muslims came to the Netherlands as refugees and asylum seekers, mainly from Bosnia, Somalia, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iraq. In creating a brotherhood, each founder often has the objective of uniting all Muslims.

Half of these Muslims are predominantly Arabic and Berber-speaking communities from the Maghreb region, Egypt and the Middle East. Meet with other believers and set your eyes on things that are bigger than your circumstances. In their prayer, reported with approval by Luke, the believers affirm both God’s sovereignty and human responsibility. This season of God’s outpouring has arrived. Each house represents a different setting for the actors to play out their roles. You get pre-screened applicants, and you DON’T have to spend time calling applicants and setting up interviews. The astrological teachings of a group of Iranian settlers, the Magusaeans of Asia Minor, can be found in a text written by which influential author of the time? Salafist mosques in the Netherlands have a multinational crowd of visitors: from the Middle East and North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Turkey, while Moroccans are the predominant group. Excluding Turkish and Moroccan, the largest group of Muslims were ethnically Surinamese numbering 34,000, followed by 31,000 who were Afghan, 27,000 who were Iraqi and 20,000 who were Somali. Since 2007 a reduction of around 50,000 Muslims was measured by the CBS, but this is not seen as a significant drop; it is seen as a result of improved research parameters.

According to Statistics Netherlands (CBS), a Dutch governmental institution, about 5% of the total population are Muslims (24 October 2007). Earlier statistics presented by the CBS showed a larger number of Muslims, but this information was solely based on ethnicity and not on religious belief. At the end of 2012 the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics estimated the number of Muslims in December 2010 to be around 4% of the total population. Various studies from 2006 to 2010 have observed that ethnic differences between groups are gradually being replaced with a single “Muslim” identity. However, those remaining Muslim became more orthodox in their religious views. In 2014 there were 13 Salafist mosques in the country which rose to 27 in 2018. The number of Salafist preachers was more than doubled in the same time span, from 50 to 110 according to the Dutch counter-terrorism authority (NCTV). In 1986, the Saudi non-governmental organization al-Haramain created the El Tawheed Foundation in Amsterdam, which created the basis of the ultra-conservative Salafist movement in the Netherlands. In 1990, also with Saudi funding, the Foundation Sounna was created in The Hague.

Mobarak Mosque in The Hague was inaugurated by Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan, who was serving as the President and Head Judge of the International Court of Justice at The Hague. Like most non-Western immigrants, many Muslims live in the four major cities of the country: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. The Contact Body for Muslims and Government (CMO), representing approximately 80 percent of the Muslim community, discusses the community’s interests with the Government. Between 2006 and 2018, according to surveys the percentage of non-Muslims has increased amongst the Turkish-Dutch as 93% identified as Muslim in 2006 while 86% did so in 2018; amongst the Moroccan-Dutch citizens these percentages were 95% and 94% respectively. Secularisation of the second generation has nonetheless been observed, mostly amongst citizens of Iranian and Turkish background. Most Moroccan and Turkish 1st and 2nd generation immigrants married people from their home countries. There are about 400 mosques in the Netherlands, with about 200 Turkish mosques, 140 Moroccan mosques and 50 Surinamese.