Honorable mention for ISA’s Religion and International Relations Section Book Award! Is the Bible a book of Peace? Is the Quran a book of Peace? These are not mandated in the Quran but only mentioned in a text known as “Hadith Jibril”, written by an unknown person several centuries after Mohammed, a text that became influential only in recent times. There are legends that are very popular throughout the Islamic world although they don’t originate from the holy books (the Quran and the Hadith). There is no evidence that Mohammed ever traveled as far as the Jewish city of Jerusalem (that was under Byzantine control) and the Dome of the Rock was erected in 691 when Mohammed was already dead, but legends are not based on facts. Legends say that Mohammed was a descendant of Ibrahim and simply continued Jesus’ mission. To the second part, the God of many names seeks to assimilate new experiences into itself to fulfill its mission to expand. Did I not tell you that I know from God what you do not know? She could not know what God was doing. How much do you know about the people and events made famous by the civil rights movement?

They are important to understand why some Muslims get so upset about some places or events. It is a controlling system created by those in high places for power, profit and political gain. Our planet Earth is part of a solar system that consists of eight planets orbiting a giant, fiery star we call the sun. Since that time, it has become an integral part of Tajik culture. Some argue that religion doesn’t even exist in the first place – there is only culture, and religion is simply a significant aspect of human culture. In addition, Fable seems to imply a strictly utilitarian model of ethics, where different actions are good or bad in different degrees, and total goodness is the sum of these separate goodness values-and even more strongly to imply that everyone in the world actually views morality that way, and so will treat you based on your accumulated total moral score, treating you as a good person even if everything they’ve seen you do in the last 20 minutes is horrible. This morning I, Wendy Laymon, actually had this thought—“God, I am worried that I will not get all of my work finished today.” I guess that is the same thing as telling God that I do not think He is capable of taking car of me.

In ancient Jewish and early Christian texts, the angel of death, such as Mastema, is portrayed as carrying out divine will rather than acting against it. It is a relatively recent superstition, and one reason could be that Islamic clerics got fed up with Christian historians trying to investigate Mohammed’s real life. Hence the yearly hajj pilgrimage to Mecca to circle the Kaba, one of the five duties of every Muslim. The other three duties are salat (praying five times a day), zakat (charity) and sawm (fasting during the month of Ramadan). God is not one person who took three consecutive roles. By imposing just one god for all Arabs, Mohammed de facto created one huge tribe, unified by a sense of solidarity (“asabiya”) just like each tribe had individually been united. However, after Mohammed created the greater Arabian tribe those skilled “robbers” were forbidden to attack each other. Mohammed himself did so. Jerusalem is obviously an ancient Jewish city, but it also became a holy site for Islam because a legend says that Mohammed ascended to heaven from Jerusalem’s Dome of the Rock. The prohibition of images of Mohammed is not one of these duties, and in fact does not appear in any holy text of Islam.

They have failed to change Western society (that has in fact accelerated its secular scientific capitalistic course), whereas Western society, through them, has spread its (secular scientific capitalistic) ideology to the Islamic world. 2. For the first time in history it created a huge economy extending from the Mediterranean to the Far East (a fact that created an unprecedented economic boom). This period of stagnation was the subject of many books published by Arab scholars in past decades, notably Philip Hitti’s “History of the Arabs” (1937) and the Arab scholars who contributed to “Perspective of the Arab World”, published in the Atlantic Monthly in october 1956. The general consensus was that very little happened in the societies of the Arab world (and of the Islamic world at large) between 1516 (the year when the Ottomans conquered the Middle East andf Egypt) and 1798 (the year when Napoleon began the European conquest of the Arab lands).