He thought he was just trying to show what God was really like, and in fact the German poet Novalis called him a “God-intoxicated man,” with some justice, because Spinoza never stops talking about God. Much more importantly, it afforded a specially suitable vehicle for a type of mystical poetry in which it is sometimes impossible to determine whether the poet is talking of earthly love or spiritual love. In India, Amīr Khosrow, a 14th-century poet and mystic, produced a synthesis of Indian and Persian music and influenced the development of later Indian music. Instrumental music was forbidden by the orthodox in the formative stages of Islam. Other parts of the world host large Muslim immigrant communities; in Western Europe, for instance, Islam is the second largest religion after Christianity, where it represents 6% of the total population or 24 million people. In the number and greatness of mosques, Turkey has the pride of first place in the Muslim world. There are a number of traditions concerning Muhammad’s attitude towards dogs.

A number of hymns of later date celebrate the king, but their intent is to request divine protection first for him and his country. The Divine love to the whole of humanity in its condition of supreme need, i.e. apart from himself and his grace, has been of such a commanding, exhaustless, immeasurable kind, that it was equal to any emergency, and able to secure for the worst and most degraded, for the outcast, the serpent-bitten and the dying, a means of unlimited deliverance and uplifting. The Turkish architects accomplished symmetry by means of one large dome, four semidomes, and four small domes among them. Turkey’s earliest mosques show a Persian influence and then later Syrian in the 13th and 14th centuries, but Turkey developed its own native style of cupola domes and monumental entrances. According to Professor Liam Keelley, during the Tang dynasty native spirits were subsumed into Daoism and the Daoist view of these spirits completely replaced the original native tales. The peaceful and prosperous Han Dynasty was the second dynasty of Imperial China, and lasted four centuries. A common belief of the time was that every family traced its origin to Huang Di (the Yellow Emperor), the mythological progenitor of the Han people.

A new Japanese constitution was drafted that left the monarchy in place but declared the emperor a symbolic position. As for vocal music, its place was largely taken by a sophisticated and artistic form of the recitation of the Qurʾān known as tajwīd. The muezzin (one who gives the call for prayer) chants aloud from a raised place (such as a tower) in the mosque. When prayer starts, the imam, or leader (of the prayer), stands in the front facing in the direction of Mecca, and the congregation stands behind him in rows, following him in various postures. The popes took its direction into their own hands toward the end of the 11th century; and the first decree of the Council of Clermont (1095) proclaimed a weekly truce for all Christendom. First examples were derived from western occultism and the tradition of secret societies such as the Freemasons, but from the later 19th century, the influence of Eastern religions, notably Buddhism and Hinduism played an increasing role. Civilizations and religions, different languages have different names and symbols.

Even in paintings, the figures have little representational value and are mostly decorative and sometimes symbolic. Second, in the field of pictorial representation, animal and human figures are combined with other ornamental designs such as fillets and arabesques-stressing their ornamental nature rather than representative function. The only full-fledged plastic figures are those of animals and a few human figures that the Seljuqs brought from eastern Turkistan. We are told that the “fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, and the knowledge of the Holy One is insight” (Proverbs 9:10, ESV). Story literature was tolerated, and the great story works of Indian origin-Alf laylah wa laylah (The Thousand and One Nights) and Kalīlah wa Dimnah-were translated from the Persian, introducing secular prose into Arabic. Arabic literature in general displays a strong and vivid imagination not easily amenable to the rigorous order that reason imposes upon the mind. From these, they cull age, race, gender, reason for death and other data related to a person’s death. Or can the heavens give showers?