Life of Brian is a satirical swipe on organized religion. He gave up his royal life and became an ascetic. The American Economic Association, to which Robert Lucas gave his address, was created in 1885, just when economics was starting to define itself as a distinct discipline. Shia Islam is also present in Ghana, primarily among the Lebanese immigrant community that arrived starting in the 1980s. 8% of percent of Ghana’s Muslim population identify as Shi’i. According to a comprehensive report by the Pew Research, 51% of Muslims are followers of Sunni Islam, while approximately 16% belong to the Ahmadiyya movement and around 8% identify with Shia Islam, while the remainder are non-denominational Muslims. It was not until the 1970s that his movement gained popularity. Among Sunni Muslims, the Maliki school of jurisprudence is the most common, though Afa Ajura’s reformist activities in the 1960s saw a rise in popularity of the Hanbali school, particularly as informed by the Salafi movement. Contemporary Sunnism in Ghana includes a majority that follows the Maliki school, which is predominant in West and North Africa, as well as a large contingent that follows the Hanbali school as interpreted by the Salafi movement. According to the Pew “The World’s Muslims” survey, 16% of Ghanaian respondents indicated that they identify with the Ahmadiyya movement.

According to the 2017 Census, Muslims constitute about 20 percent of the population of Ghana. Islam is thought to have successfully penetrated southern Ghana following the “collapse of the Bono and the Begho states, and its increase was encouraged by the fact that the slave trade became more lucrative and competitive”. We spoke with Christopher Ratté, a classical archaeologist and professor at the University of Michigan, and Dr. C. Brian Rose, the curator-in-charge of the Mediterranean Section at the Penn Museum and archaeologist who’s been digging in the field for more than 40 years, to find out precisely what makes these two ancient temples so different. Like B.B. King above, David Gilmour is a guitarist who thrives on doing more with less. The first person we meet in the Bible who considers God to be trustworthy is Abraham. Islam was the first Abrahamic monotheistic religion to arrive in Ghana. The first Ahmadi missionary to Ghana, Maulvi Abdul Rahim Nayyar, came upon invitation from Muslims in Saltpond. About 37 percent of Muslims in Ghana say they belong to a Sufi order.

The Sufi orders have a historic presence in Ghana and, as with much of West Africa, the predominant orders are the Tijaniyya and the Qadiriyya. Islam was introduced by traders from the Sahel regions of West Africa. Islam spread through several pathways; the Mande came through the north and north-western corridors of Ghana while the Borno and Hausa traders came from the north-east. From the onset of Ajura’s mission, Salafism has been primarily propagated across Ghana in his native Dagbanli language. Ajura’s campaign challenged the mainstream of Ghanaian Sunnism, which followed the Maliki school of jurisprudence and the Ash’ari school of theology. Sunni Islam, according to the Maliki rite of jurisprudence. This leaves us almost powerless in the face of Islam, a holistic worldview with its own legal and political system. Rasmussen, Sune Engel. “Iran’s Islamic Leaders Face a Crisis of Faith as Protests Swell”. Their ongoing participation in, and commitment to, such a relationship paradigmatically involves both faith in God and faithfulness to God (McKaughan and Howard-Snyder 2022a and 2023a; Pace and McKaughan 2020). The kind of faith of which Christian faith is a paradigm case, then, may be understood as ‘action-centred commitment’ (McKaughan 2016, 78), e.g., to the Christian ‘way’.

If a god created and defined the world we live in, it is impossible to define a god without self being a god. 6There is a risk here of being accused of heresy, in attempting to answer questions like, “Why is there a Trinity? There have been some attempts to leave this three-part framework. YOU WORK SO THAT YOU DON’T HAVE TO WORK. And Jesus looked round about, and saith unto his disciples, How hardly shall they that have riches enter into the kingdom of God! The prophet problem is a problem, some will argue, only if God actually tells Moses what Jeanie will do. Proverbs 22:6 Train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from it. Today, it is the second most widely professed religion in the country behind Christianity. Muslims constitute a majority in Northern Region, the biggest religion in Upper East Region and a large minority Upper West Region.