If God knows everything, he must know what day it is today. The official name of The Pledge of Allegiance was adopted in 1945. The most recent alteration of its wording came on Flag Day (June 14) in 1954, when the words “under God” were added. When Don Fadrique came to Haarlem a brutal battle ensued. By June 29, 1892, Bellamy and Upham had arranged for Congress and President Benjamin Harrison to announce a proclamation making the public school flag ceremony the center of the Columbus Day celebrations. The government practices cloud seeding to try to produce rain for farmers, stave off drought, clear away air pollution and smog, fill water basins and, of course, produce a picture-perfect opening Olympic ceremony. Republic,” choosing the last as “it distinguished the form of government chosen by the founding fathers and established by the Revolution. Balch was a proponent of teaching children, especially those of immigrants, loyalty to the United States, even going so far as to write a book on the subject and work with both the government and private organizations to distribute flags to every classroom and school. The event was conceived and promoted by James B. Upham, a marketer for the magazine, as a campaign to instill the idea of American nationalism in students and to encourage children to raise flags above their schools.

In 1957, Kenneth Keating instigated a report by Congress’ Legislative Research Service that it was Francis Bellamy, and not James B. Upham, who authored the September 8, 1892, article; Keating represented New York’s 38th congressional district, which included Bellamy’s birthplace, Mount Morris. The Bellamy “Pledge of Allegiance” was first published in the September 8, 1892, issue of The Youth’s Companion as part of the National Public-School Celebration of Columbus Day, a celebration of the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus’s arrival in the Americas. Francis Bellamy and Upham had lined up the National Education Association to support the Youth’s Companion as a sponsor of the Columbus Day observance and the use in that observance of the American flag. The Supreme Court has ruled in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette that students cannot be compelled to recite the Pledge, nor can they be punished for not doing so. Civil War, who later became auditor of the New York Board of Education.

The first version was written in 1885 by Captain George Thatcher Balch, a Union Army officer in the Civil War who later authored a book on how to teach patriotism to children in public schools. The magazine sent leaflets containing part of Bellamy’s Pledge of Allegiance to schools across the country and on October 21, 1892, over 10,000 children recited the verse together. Balch’s pledge, which predates Francis Bellamy’s by five years and was embraced by many schools, by the Daughters of the American Revolution until the 1910s, and by the Grand Army of the Republic until the 1923 National Flag Conference, is often overlooked when discussing the history of the Pledge. Many states give a variety of exemptions from reciting the pledge, such as California which requires a “patriotic exercise” every day, which would be satisfied by the Pledge, but it is not enforced. The Pledge of Allegiance is a patriotic recited verse that promises allegiance to the flag of the United States and the republic of the United States of America. Senate in 2004 and proliferated after his election as President of the United States in 2008. As with conspiracy theories surrounding his citizenship status, the claims are promoted by various political opponents, with American bloggers and conservative talk radio hosts particularly promoting the theories.

These are traditional native healers who use folk remedies (such as herbs and ointments) to cure physical ailments as well as to offer relief from bad luck. According to author Margarette S. Miller, this campaign was in line both with Upham’s patriotic vision as well as with his commercial interest. A series of anti-religious campaigns was implemented by the Chinese Communist Party from the early 1950s to the late 1970s. As a result, in nearly 30 years between the beginning of the 1950s and the end of the 1970s, Christian churches, mosques (as well as Chinese temples) were shut down and Imams involved in forced ‘re-education’. By the time of the Zhou Dynasty (about 1100 BC), the Chinese were also worshipping a natural force called t’ien, which we usually translate as Heaven. Zhou kings declared that their victory over the Shang was because they were virtuous and loved their people, while the Shang were tyrants and thus were deprived of power by Tian. By understanding its principles and adhering to them faithfully, Muslims can strengthen their relationship with Allah (God) while leading purposeful lives guided by morality and compassion towards others. By incorporating these prayers into daily spiritual practices or moments of solitude, individuals can continue nurturing their relationship with God long after the communion experience.